In the Himalayan region , the Kashmir and Kullu valleys are fertile regions. Jelep La and Nathu La passes are the main trade routes in the Indo- Tibet region through Chumbi valley. North –east of Darjeeling and Shipki La in the Satluj valley and North east of Kalpa (kinnaur) are other high altitude passes. The mountain wall extends over a distance of about2,400 km. In the east, Between India and Myanmar and India and Banglades hill ranges are much lower . Garo, Khasi, Jaintia and Naga Hills , running almost east- west , join the chain to Mizo and Rkhine Hills running north-south.
The plains of the Ganga and the Indus are about2,400 km long and 240-320 km broad. They are one of the world’s greatest plains formed by basins of three distinct river systems- the Indus the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. They are one of the world’s greatest stretches of flat alluvium and one of the most densely populated areas or the earth.
In the desert region , the great desert extends from the edge of the Rann of Kuchch beyond Luni river northward, comprises Rajasthan- Sind frontiers. The little desert extends from the Luni between Jaisalmer and Jodhpur up to the northern wastes. Between the great and the little deserts lies a zone of adsolutely sterile country consisting of rocky land, cut up by limestone ridges.
The Peninsular region is flanked by Eastern Ghats with anaverage elevation of 610 m & Western Ghats with an average elevation of 915 to 1,220 m, rising in places to over 2,440 metres. Between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea lies a narrow coastal strip, while between Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal , there is a broader costal area.
The southern point of plateau is formed by the Nilgiri Hills where the Eastern and the Western Ghats meet. The Cardamom Hills lying beyond may be regarded as a continuation of the Western Ghats.
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